In all cases but the first, you are paying less to have a higher exposure in the same market. Each has a different risk profile, generally increasing with leverage. In all cases you can lose money.
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Only the first two case involves actually owning shares. For derivatives, it is not too important whether you end up with shares or not, as the P/L will be similar to owning the exposed amount. They also have expirations, but you can continually roll them to future dates to simulate a buy and hold.
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Only the first two cases involve actually owning shares. For derivatives, it is not too important whether you end up with shares or not, as the P/L will be similar to owning the exposed amount. They also have expirations, but you can continually roll them to future dates to simulate a buy and hold.